league/commonmark
Highly extensible PHP Markdown parser supporting full CommonMark and GitHub-Flavored Markdown. Convert Markdown to HTML with simple converters, customize rendering via extensions, and run safely with options like stripping HTML and blocking unsafe links.
layout: default title: Rendering description: How to customize the rendering of block and inline elements redirect_from:
Renderers are responsible for converting the parsed AST elements into their HTML representation.
All block renderers should implement NodeRendererInterface and its render() method. Note that in v2.0, both
block renderers and inline renderers share the same interface and method:
public function render(Node $node, ChildNodeRendererInterface $childRenderer);
The HtmlRenderer will call this method during the rendering process whenever a supported element is encountered.
If your renderer can only handle certain block types, be sure to verify that you've been passed the correct type.
Node $node - The encountered block or inline element that needs to be renderedChildNodeRendererInterface $childRenderer - If the given $node has children, use this to render those child elementsThe method must return the final HTML representation of the node and its contents, including any children. This can be an HtmlElement object (preferred; castable to a string), a string of raw HTML, or null if it could not render (and perhaps another renderer should give it a try).
If you choose to return an HTML string you are responsible for handling any escaping that may be necessary.
HtmlElementInstead of manually building the HTML output yourself, you can leverage the HtmlElement to generate that for you. For example:
use League\CommonMark\Util\HtmlElement;
$link = new HtmlElement('a', ['href' => 'https://github.com'], 'GitHub');
$img = new HtmlElement('img', ['src' => 'logo.jpg'], '', true);
When registering your renderer, you must tell the Environment which node element class your renderer should handle. For example:
use League\CommonMark\Environment\Environment;
use League\CommonMark\Extension\CommonMark\CommonMarkCoreExtension;
use League\CommonMark\Extension\CommonMark\Node\Block\FencedCode;
$environment = new Environment();
$environment->addExtension(new CommonMarkCoreExtension());
// First param - the node class type that should use our renderer
// Second param - instance of the renderer
$environment->addRenderer(FencedCode::class, new MyCustomCodeRenderer());
A single renderer could even be used for multiple types:
use League\CommonMark\Environment\Environment;
use League\CommonMark\Extension\CommonMark\CommonMarkCoreExtension;
use League\CommonMark\Extension\CommonMark\Node\Block\FencedCode;
use League\CommonMark\Extension\CommonMark\Node\Block\IndentedCode;
$environment = new Environment();
$environment->addExtension(new CommonMarkCoreExtension());
$myRenderer = new MyCustomCodeRenderer();
$environment->addRenderer(FencedCode::class, $myRenderer, 10);
$environment->addRenderer(IndentedCode::class, $myRenderer, 20);
Multiple renderers can be added per element type - when this happens, we use the result from the highest-priority renderer that returns a non-null result.
Here's a custom renderer which renders thematic breaks as text (instead of <hr>):
use League\CommonMark\Environment\Environment;
use League\CommonMark\Extension\CommonMark\CommonMarkCoreExtension;
use League\CommonMark\Extension\CommonMark\Node\Block\ThematicBreak;
use League\CommonMark\Node\Node;
use League\CommonMark\Renderer\ChildNodeRendererInterface;
use League\CommonMark\Renderer\NodeRendererInterface;
use League\CommonMark\Util\HtmlElement;
class TextDividerRenderer implements NodeRendererInterface
{
public function render(Node $node, ChildNodeRendererInterface $childRenderer)
{
return new HtmlElement('pre', ['class' => 'divider'], '==============================');
}
}
$environment = new Environment();
$environment->addExtension(new CommonMarkCoreExtension());
$environment->addRenderer(ThematicBreak::class, new TextDividerRenderer());
Note that thematic breaks should not contain children, which is why the $childRenderer is unused in this example. Otherwise we'd have to call code like this and return the result as part of the rendered HTML we're generating here: $innerHtml = $childRenderer->renderNodes($node->children());
HtmlElement if possible. This makes it easier to extend and modify the results later.HtmlDecoratorA utility class called HtmlDecorator is provided to make it easier to wrap the output of any renderer within an additional HTML tag with custom attributes and/or classes. To use it:
use League\CommonMark\Environment\Environment;
use League\CommonMark\Extension\CommonMark\CommonMarkCoreExtension;
use League\CommonMark\Renderer\HtmlDecorator;
use League\CommonMark\Extension\Table\Table;
use League\CommonMark\Extension\Table\TableRenderer;
$environment = new Environment();
$environment->addExtension(new CommonMarkCoreExtension());
$environment->addRenderer(Table::class, new HtmlDecorator(new TableRenderer(), 'div', ['class' => 'table-responsive']));
The XML renderer will automatically attempt to convert any AST nodes to XML by inspecting the name of the block/inline node and its attributes. You can instead control the XML element name and attributes by making your renderer implement XmlNodeRendererInterface:
use League\CommonMark\Node\Node;
use League\CommonMark\Renderer\ChildNodeRendererInterface;
use League\CommonMark\Renderer\NodeRendererInterface;
use League\CommonMark\Util\HtmlElement;
use League\CommonMark\Xml\XmlNodeRendererInterface;
class TextDividerRenderer implements NodeRendererInterface, XmlNodeRendererInterface
{
public function render(Node $node, ChildNodeRendererInterface $childRenderer)
{
return new HtmlElement('pre', ['class' => 'divider'], '==============================');
}
public function getXmlTagName(Node $node): string
{
return 'text_divider';
}
public function getXmlAttributes(Node $node): array
{
return ['character' => '='];
}
}
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